Crop Diseases Caused By Virus
Crop Diseases Caused By Virus :
The most minor but most critical plant enemies are viruses and viroids (subviral contagious agents). After infection, it is almost impossible to save a plant. Therefore the effect of plant diseases on crop production is of critical importance throughout the world. In most cases, the infection spreads as a result of healthy plants with sick contact. Viruses can also spread through vegetative reproduction, through seeds, pollen, and insects. But viruses most often spread through the soil.
Symptoms Of Viral Crop Diseases :
The symptoms of crop diseases caused by virus are usually divided into four types:
Malformations, such as abnormal growth of shoots, distortion of leaves and flowers;
Necrosis, wilting and the appearance of annular stripes and spots;
Dwarfism, growth retardation of both individual parts and the whole plant;
Discoloration, e.g. yellowing, and vein clearing.
Root crop diseases, which are expressed in their rotting, are a characteristic indication of the presence of a virus. However, some plants may not show symptoms and are latent carriers of a disease. Therefore, extreme vigilance is required in the fight against this infection type.
Common Viral Diseases :
Among the common examples of viral diseases in crop plants:
Tobacco mosaic manifests in dwarfism and mosaic-like patterns on leaves. The disease is widespread throughout the world and can have significant economic consequences.
Tomato spotted wilt is accompanied by the appearance and growth of necrotic yellow rings that gradually turn reddish-brown.
Potato spindle tuber inhibits plant growth, tubers become fusiform and shrink.
Do soil microorganisms protect against crop disease?
Yes, they do. Soil microorganisms increase immunity, protect plants from many pathogens. Moreover, if beneficial microbes are present in the roots of a plant, it can fight pests more effectively while maintaining natural growth.
Control Of Crop Diseases Caused By Viruses :
Unlike previous infections, most vegetable crop disease caused by viruses is extremely difficult to defeat, often impossible. Therefore, control, in this case, should be as effective as possible. Among the most common measures is the cultivation of resistant crops, indexing, determining the absence or virus presence that is not mechanically transmitted. The plant under study is grafted onto an indicator plant, which develops corresponding symptoms in the virus presence. Unfortunately, sometimes it is necessary to destroy infected cultures, and if large agricultural areas are affected, even to introduce quarantine to save the rest of the crop yield.
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